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Summary

With an introduction to the ideas of energy, students discuss specific energy types and applied free energy sources. Associated hands-on activities aid them identify energy types in their environs and enhance their understanding of the concept of energy.

This engineering science curriculum aligns to Side by side Generation Science Standards (NGSS).

Engineering science Connection

We use energy in all its forms nigh every mean solar day. Engineers study these forms of energy to assistance create things that make our lives easier. Currently, engineers are looking for better ways to produce electricity to keep free energy affordable and less destructive to the surroundings. They are also investigating culling fuel sources for use in vehicles, such as biofuels from algae and hydrogen from h2o.

Learning Objectives

After this lesson, students should be able to:

• Define free energy and identify the different types that exist.
• Define potential and kinetic energy.
• Relate specific energy types to different engineering projects.
• Depict the role of engineering in finding and testing various energy sources for electricity production.

Educational Standards

Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more than K-12 science, engineering science, engineering or math (Stem) educational standards.

All 100,000+ K-12 Stalk standards covered in TeachEngineering are nerveless, maintained and packaged by the Accomplishment Standards Network (ASN), a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org).

In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: starting time by source; eastward.thousand., by country; within source past type; eastward.yard., scientific discipline or mathematics; within blazon by subtype, then by form, etc.

NGSS: Next Generation Scientific discipline Standards - Science

NGSS Functioning Expectation
4-PS3-2. Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place past audio, calorie-free, heat, and electrical currents. (Grade four) Do yous concur with this alignment? Thanks for your feedback!
Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation
This lesson focuses on the following Iii Dimensional Learning aspects of NGSS:
Science & Engineering Practices	Disciplinary Core Ideas	Crosscutting Concepts
Make observations to produce data to serve every bit the basis for evidence for an explanation of a phenomenon or test a blueprint solution. Alignment agreement: Thank you for your feedback!	Energy can be moved from place to identify by moving objects or through sound, light, or electric currents. Alignment agreement: Thanks for your feedback! Energy is present whenever there are moving objects, sound, light, or estrus. When objects collide, energy tin be transferred from one object to another, thereby changing their motion. In such collisions, some energy is typically also transferred to the surrounding air; as a result, the air gets heated and audio is produced. Alignment agreement: Thanks for your feedback! Light also transfers energy from place to identify. Alignment agreement: Cheers for your feedback! Free energy can besides be transferred from place to place by electric currents, which can and then be used locally to produce motion, audio, heat, or light. The currents may have been produced to brainstorm with by transforming the free energy of motion into electrical free energy. Alignment agreement: Thank you for your feedback!	Free energy tin can exist transferred in diverse ways and between objects. Alignment agreement: Cheers for your feedback!

International Applied science and Engineering Educators Association - Technology

• Tools, machines, products, and systems use energy in order to practise work. (Grades 3 - five) More than Details

  View aligned curriculum

  Do you agree with this alignment? Thank you for your feedback!

• Free energy comes in different forms. (Grades three - five) More than Details

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  Practice you concur with this alignment? Thank you for your feedback!

State Standards

Advise an alignment non listed above

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Introduction/Motivation

Y'all cannot always meet energy, bear on it or hold it in your hand, but free energy is everywhere.

Energy is the ability to do work, to make things happen and to cause changes. Energy cannot exist fabricated or destroyed; information technology can only be inverse into dissimilar forms. Can yous name a form of free energy? (Examples: Low-cal, heat, electricity, sound.) From where do you remember we get electricity? (Possible answers: Power establish, the outlet in the wall, food.) Can you retrieve of an example in which free energy is changed from one grade to another? How about a calorie-free seedling? We turn it on past plugging it into the wall. What happens when you leave a light bulb on for a while? Information technology gets hot! Well, that is an instance of electrical energy changing into rut energy from the vibration of the filament, as well as producing low-cal!

At present, let's think about a gas-fueled electricity plant. A ability institute produces electricity past changing the chemic energy in fuel into electrical energy. First, gas is burned within the plant, converting its chemical free energy into heat. Adjacent, the rut turns water into steam, which moves a turbine motor or generator. Finally, the generator produces electricity.

This steam-based technology was first discovered in the early 1700s when engineers began to figure out means to use the energy in steam released by boiling water. They developed engines that converted steam energy into mechanical free energy for apply in farm and manufacturing plant mechanism, and afterwards for trains and cars. Historians ofttimes cite the development of the steam engine every bit the start of a period in modernistic history called the industrial revolution.

We allocate free energy in 2 means. First is potential energy, which is the corporeality of energy something has stored within it. Anything tin have potential energy. A bombardment has potential energy stored past a divergence in ionic concentration; even you accept potential energy, as you sit in your chair. How much potential energy you accept depends on a few things, including how high up you are and how big you are. Next is kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of an object in motility. Anything that is moving has kinetic energy. Mechanical objects, such as a clock or a person on a skateboard, have kinetic free energy, just and then practice low-cal, sound, current of air and water. Can you lot encounter examples of energy effectually the classroom? Well, today we are going to find some of these examples and acquire almost how engineers work with different types of energy.

Write the following phrases on the board and hash out with the class.

What is free energy?

• The power to do work or cause change.
• Work is the awarding of a force through a altitude. (Ask students for examples, such equally moving a box across the room, sweeping, etc.)

Force can put matter into motion or terminate it if it is already moving.

Movement is a alter in position of an object with time.

• To do work, energy is needed.

From where does energy come up?

• Natural energy sources: food, water, plants, trees, gravity, sun, fossil fuels, uranium, plutonium
• Ways that humans have harnessed or converted natural energy sources: hydroelectric dams, coal/oil power plants, nuclear ability plants, air current turbines, solar panels, etc.

What are dissimilar types of energy? (See the Vocabulary/Definitions section.)

• Kinetic energy: electrical, light, thermal, solar, sound, wind, hydro
• Potential energy: chemical, mechanical, nuclear, gravitational

How exercise we use energy?

• To break downwardly and digest food (in our bodies)
• To heat houses and other buildings
• To illuminate lights
• To power televisions, phones, games, cars
• To run computers and appliances

Lesson Background and Concepts for Teachers

Energy takes many forms. Thermal free energy (or oestrus) boils h2o, keeps us warm and drives engines. Chemical energy fuels automobiles and airplanes. Electrical free energy drives many small machines and keeps lights glowing. About every form of free energy tin be converted into other forms. But whatever form it is in, energy is essentially the capacity for making something happen or, every bit engineers and scientists say, "doing piece of work."

Figure i. The free energy cycle from the lord's day to our homes.

copyright

Copyright © 2005 Natalie Mach, graduate fellow, ITL Program, College of Technology, Academy of Colorado Boulder, using prune art © 2004 Microsoft Corporation, I Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399 Us. All rights reserved.

Nearly all our energy comes to us ultimately from the sunday (encounter Figure 1). We get some energy directly via passive solar lighting and heating, or solar power cells. Withal, most energy comes indirectly via burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas), which received their energy from fossilized plants and other organisms. The plants and organisms originally obtained their free energy directly from the sun past a process chosen photosynthesis. Some of these sources of free energy are renewable and others nonrenewable or limited in their available quantity.

Associated Activities

• What Is Energy? Short Demos - In three short demonstrations, students acquire nearly some of the forms of energy commonly establish around united states of america.

  Watch this activeness on YouTube

• Free energy Detectives at Work - Students become engineering detectives and find examples of free energy all around the classroom or school.

Lesson Closure

Today nosotros started learning about energy and engineering. Can you define and describe the give-and-take "free energy?" What types of energy can you run across, feel or hear? (Possible answers: Heat, light, sound, move.) Why would an engineer care about energy? (Reply: Engineers develop products that utilize energy. Engineers help develop ways to shop energy for our use.)

Assign students the Energy Vocabulary Quiz to gauge their mastery in understanding the uses of energy in their surroundings and the key types of free energy.

Vocabulary/Definitions

biomass energy: An energy resource derived from organic affair. Many people use biomass free energy to heat their homes; they burn wood. Many agronomical crops are also biomass. For instance, corn can exist fermented to produce ethanol that is burned as a liquid fuel. Woods is a renewable energy source as long as cutting trees are replaced immediately.

chemical energy: The free energy stored on the chemic bonds of molecules that information technology released during a chemic reaction. Chemical energy holds molecules together and keeps them from moving apart. For example, a car engine uses chemic energy stored in gasoline, and moving people apply chemical free energy from food.

electric energy: Electrical energy exists when charged particles attract or repel each other. Television sets, computers and refrigerators employ electrical energy.

energy: The ability to practise work.

kinetic free energy: The free energy of motility. For case, a spinning top, a falling object and a rolling ball all have kinetic energy. The motion, if resisted past a force, does work. Air current and h2o both accept kinetic energy.

lite free energy: Visible light free energy, such equally from a light seedling or fireflies or stars, is just 1 form of electromagnetic energy. Others forms include infrared and ultraviolet light.

mechanical energy: Mechanical free energy is energy that can be used to do piece of work. It is the sum of an object'south kinetic and potential energy.

nonrenewable energy: Energy from sources that are used faster than they tin can be created. Sources include oil (petroleum), natural gas, coal and uranium (nuclear).

nuclear energy: Nuclear energy is the energy establish within the nucleus of atoms and tin can only exist released when atoms are dissever. Some power companies that supply homes, schools and buildings with electricity use nuclear energy to generate electricity.

potential energy: Potential energy is the energy stored past an object as a result of its position. A roller coaster at the top of a hill has potential free energy.

renewable energy: Energy that is made from sources that can be regenerated. Sources include solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, sea and hydro (water).

sound energy: Aural free energy that is released when yous talk, play musical instruments or slam a door.

thermal energy: Heat free energy produced when the molecules of a substance vibrate. The more heat a substance has, the more rapid the vibration of its molecules. Estrus energy flows from places of higher temperature to places of lower temperature.

Assessment

Pre-Lesson Assessment

Discussion: Ask students the following questions:

• What is free energy? (Possible answers: The ability to practise work or cause change and the chapters for vigorous activity. Work is the application of a force through a distance [ask for examples]. Force can put thing into motility or finish it if it is already moving. Motion is a alter in position of an object with fourth dimension. To do piece of work, energy is needed.)
• From where does free energy come? (Answers: Power plants, people, nutrient, light, windmills, turbines, fires, etc.)
• What are unlike types of energy? (Answers: Chemical, thermal, mechanical, potential, kinetic, solar, audio, nuclear, etc. [come across the Vocabulary / Definitions department].)
• How practice we use energy? (Possible answers: Our bodies utilise energy to interruption down and digest nutrient. Nosotros use energy to estrus houses and buildings, to turn on lights, to power televisions, radios, cars, computers, appliances, etc. Sound energy is used in advice and to find fish in the ocean!)

Postal service-Introduction Assessment

Take-Home Definitions: Ask students to ask several members of their families for definitions of a specific energy grade, so expect upward the definition in the lexicon. Have them write downwards comparisons of these definitions and a reason why each might exist different. Share these explanations with the course.

Lesson Summary Cess

Energy Identifier: Bring to class examples or images of the post-obit objects. Take students place the type of energy that is related to each item and the energy transfer that occurs. Y'all could ready upwardly stations around the room or turn information technology into a game in which the students earn points for each type of energy correctly identified.

• Fan (Answer: Uses electric free energy; produces kinetic energy.)
• Bombardment (Respond: Stores chemic free energy.)
• Banana (Answer: A source of chemical free energy.)
• Flashlight (Answer: Uses chemic energy; produces light energy.)
• Radio (Reply: Uses electrical energy; produces sound energy.)
• Guitar (Answer: Uses chemical energy from a person [free energy from the food they eat]; produces sound energy.)
• Candle (Respond: Uses chemical energy; produces calorie-free and thermal energy.)
• Waterfall (Answer: The water has potential energy at the top of the falls and kinetic energy at the bottom of the falls.)

Vocabulary Review: Administer the Energy Vocabulary Quiz to judge students' understanding of the ways energy is used in their surroundings and the fundamental energy types.

Lesson Extension Activities

Accept students research the source of your local utility visitor's electricity. Is it coal, natural gas, hydro, nuclear, wind or some combination? Many local utility companies provide detailed websites and extensive Grand-12 outreach programs for schools. A representative may even come to your classroom or lead a field trip.

For students with high reading comprehension, utilise the Energy Vocabulary Worksheet to reinforce their understanding of the material.

References

Consumer Energy Eye, California Energy Commission. Accessed September 14, 2005. (information on free energy efficiency, alternative fuel vehicles, renewable energy) http://world wide web.consumerenergycenter.org/index.html

Energy Kid's Page. Free energy Data Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. Accessed September 14, 2005. ( energy facts, fun & games, free energy history, classroom activities) http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/

Energy Quest: Kid's Folio. Updated 2004. California Free energy Commission. Accessed September 14, 2005. (Fun, interactive website for kids and teachers) http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/index.html

Graham, I., Taylor, B, Farndon, J. and Oxlade, C. Science Encyclopedia, 1999, pp. 78-ninety.

Science Projects. Updated March 14, 2005. Energy Quest: Kid's Page, California Energy Commission. Accessed September 14, 2005. (science projects and energy activities for K-12 students) http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/projects/index.html

Copyright

© 2005 by Regents of the University of Colorado

Contributors

Sharon D. Perez-Suarez; Natalie Mach; Malinda Schaefer Zarske; Denise W. Carlson

Supporting Program

Integrated Teaching and Learning Program, College of Technology, University of Colorado Boulder

Acknowledgements

The contents of this digital library curriculum were developed under grants from the Fund for the Comeback of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE), U.S. Department of Education and National Scientific discipline Foundation GK-12 (grant no. DGE 0338326). However, these contents practise not necessarily correspond the policies of the Department of Educational activity or National Scientific discipline Foundation, and you lot should not assume endorsement by the federal government.

Final modified: April 26, 2022

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